DECEMBER 2018

PAPER I
Part A

1. Define growth plate. Describe the zones of growth plate with diagram. Discuss the clinical significance of these zones?
2. Describe the types of fracture healing. Describe the stages of secondary fracture healing. Enumerate the factors affecting the fracture healing.
3. Describe the investigations and their uses in musculoskeletal system
   a)DEXA Scan.
   b)Bone scan.
   c)Ultrasonography.
4. Define allograft. Describe the types of allograft. Give salient features of each type.
5. Pathology, clinical features and management of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Part B

6. Etiopathology, clinical features, radiographic findings and management of scurvy.
7. Describe strength duration curve. Describe the changes in the curve after nerve injury and following regeneration.
8. Describe necrotizing fascitis in following subheads
   a)Definition.
   b)Pathology.
   c)Management.
9. Define neuropathic joint. Discuss the causes, clinical features and treatment.
10. Discuss anti-tubercular treatment in osteo-articular TB in terms of drugs, doses, regimen and duration of anti-tubercular treatment.

PAPER II
Part A

1. Define muscular torticollis. Describe causes, investigations and treatment.
2. Define recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder. Discuss the pathological anatomy, investigations and broad principles of treatment.
3. Types, causes, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of radial nerve paralysis.
4. Clinical fetures, diagnosis, and treatment of De Quervain’s tenovaginitis.
5. Proximal femoral osteotomies and the indications of each type.

Part B

6. Classify femoral bone stock deficiency in total hip arthroplasty. Describe the broad principles of management.
7. Describe the clinical features of giant cell tumour(GCT). Describe the treatment options in a young patient with GCT upper end of tibia without a pathological fracture.
8. Enumerate the sequelae of septic hip in infancy. List the types and indications of each type of reconstruction.
9. Describe peri-prosthetic fracture of upper end of femur. Describe the treatment of each type.
10. Define slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Describe its clinical features, diagnosis and treatment in brief.

PAPER III
Part A

1. Classify ankle fractures. Describe in brief investigations and treatment of each type.
2. Describe tension band principle with a diagram. Describe its applications in Orthopaedics.
3. Classify femoral neck fracture in children. Describe its treatment and complications in brief.
4. Classify cervical spine injuries. Describe diagnosis and treatment of a patient with C5/C6 dislocation(in brief).
5. Describe the pathophysiological changes in response to intramedullary reaming of long bones. Describe the reamed vs non reamed nails in a patient with polytrauma.

Part B

6. Describe in brief the mechanism of injury, classification, treatment and complications of calcaneal fractures.
7. Classify proximal humerus fractures. Describe in brief treatment and complications of proximal humerus fractures.
8. Describe the classification and broad principles of management of open fractures of tibia.
9. Define distraction osteogenesis. Describe its clinical applications in orthopaedic practice.
10. Pathoanatomy, investigations and principles of treatment of habitual dislocation of patella.

PAPER IV
Part A

1. Define surgical site infection(SSI). Describe the current WHO guidelines for prevention of SSI?
2. Describe the biomechanics of ankle joint. Describe the current status of total ankle arthroplasty.
3. Define drug resistant bone and joint tuberculosis. Describe the case identification and broad principles of treatment.
4. Define femoro-acetabular impingement. Describe the investigations, types and their management.
5. Describe in brief, the principles of limb salvage surgery in musculoskeletal tumours. What are the patients not suitable for this procedure?

Part B

6. Define and enumerate the bearing surfaces in hip arthroplasty. Describe each types with their pros and cons.
7. Enumerate the bone graft substitutes and describe in brief the advantages and disadvantages of each type .
8. Define the evidence based Orthopaedics and how it can be applied in clinical practice. List the hierarchy of evidence(various types of studies).
9. What is spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SPONK)? Describe the clinical features and principles of treatment.
10. Describe the current concepts of the mechanism of osteolysis after arthroplasty.  What is the role of bone grafting in such patients without performing a revision arthroplasty.